「雅思閱讀」就是在有限的時間內,通過快速流覽,在文章中找出題目中的中心詞,從而定位正確答案的過程。
而雅思閱讀的難度就在於題目中的中心詞與文章中的詞意思一致而表達方式完全不同,既然這樣要如何快速的定位原文呢?
只要我們瞭解了同義詞替換的規律,這一切就都變簡單了。
雅思閱讀中的同義詞替換,是指意思相近的詞或句子之間的替換,其中包括詞性轉換,語態轉換,短語與句子替換等等,並不只是嚴格的相同意義的詞的替換。
同義詞替換分為三類:詞與詞的替換,詞與句的替換,句與句的替換。
一. 詞與詞的替換
1. 同義詞反義詞替換
1)名詞: picture/image; (劍九 Test3 Passage3 )
argument/debate(劍九Test3 Passage1)
2)動詞: Consult/ask advice of;
recognise/perceive(劍九Test1 Passage1)
3)形容詞: global/international/worldwide(劍九Test2 Passage1);
different/distinct(劍九Test2 Passage3 )
4)副詞: Instantly/immediately/promptly (劍九 Test1 Passage2)
5)介詞: Around/nearby/in the vicinity of(劍九 Test3 Passage2)
6)反義詞:dissatisfied/not satisfied(劍九 Test4 Passage2)
2. 詞序轉換
1)形容詞前置定語→後置定語
machinery noise/noise generated by machine(generated是現在分詞作後置定語); (劍九Test2 Passage1)
2)AB→B of A:
翻譯時從of 後往前翻譯,例如:
grammar rules/rules of grammar; 語法規則
Signal strength/ strength of the signal 信號強度(劍九Test3 Passage3)
3. 否定詞替換
具有否定意義的詞與not,no, never等詞的意義相通: 在題幹中是下面四項的某一項,而在原文中只是一個否定詞。
1) Fail to do沒有做成某事
2) Lack 沒有足夠的某物 (劍九Test4 Passage3)
3) Impossible 沒有可能 ( 劍九Test4 Passage1 )
4) pointless/not make sense沒有意義(劍九Test2 Passage2)
4. 詞性轉換
詞性轉換:同一詞根的各種詞性的轉換,在原文裡是形容詞,在題幹裡可能是其名詞形式。例如“
close/closure;
possible/possibility (劍九Test3 Passage2)
5. 泛指特指替換
National policy/ New Zealand strategy (劍九 Test2 Passage1);
scientists/NASA experts; (劍九Test3 Passage3)
二. 詞與句的替換
時間狀語→時間狀語從句: From her childhood/when she was a child
(劍九Test4 Passage1)
定語→定語從句Undiagnosed children/children which have not been diagnosed劍九Test2 Passage1 )
三. 句與句的替換
語態替換—主動被動的替換:
Marie took over the teaching position/she was appointed to the professorship
同義句型替換—
…is important/it is important that ; The aspects of self-awareness is difficult to research directly/Empirical investigation of the self-as-subject are rather scarce;
can never be/it is impossible to do…(劍九Test4 passage2)
It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby.
It is useful to observe several features of how a mother acts when she is with her small child. (劍六 Test4 Passage2)
句子關係替換 if …/…unless; because/It is … that
因此在雅思閱讀中,題幹中找出關鍵字後,要意識到,在原文中應該是找不到一模一樣的詞的,大家要有預見性的猜測文中會出現什麼替換詞,從而更加迅速的定位答案。